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Selected parts of the genealogical tree of the indoeuropean family of languages. The entire genealogy would have hundreds of branches of living, forgotten and reconstructed languages. Irish, Breton, Proto-Celtic, French, Spanish, Latin, German, Proto-Germanic, Polish, Russian, Proto-Slavic, Greek, Persian and of course Proto-Indo-European. Words of the same color are related and in general have the same meaning.

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 daou daou: Breton. aval aval: Breton. glin glin: Breton. *dworā *dworā: Proto-Celtic. *gnūnos *gnūnos: Proto-Celtic. *dwau *dwau: Proto-Celtic. connaître connaître: French. genu genu: Latin. plus plus: Latin. pater pater: Latin. heart heart: English. Consonant shift k/c → h. father father: English. two two: English. *duhtēr *duhtēr: Proto-Germanic. *apluz *apluz: Proto-Germanic. Consonant shift b → p. zwei zwei: German. Consonant shift t → ts/z. Apfel Apfel: German. Consonant shift b → p. *batę *batę: Proto-Slavic. córka córka: Polish. serce serce: Polish. ѧблоко ѧблоко: Proto-Slavic. знать знать (znatʹ): Russian. сердце сердце (serdce): Russian. γόνατο γόνατο (gónato): Greek. θύρα θύρα (thýra): Greek. γιγνώσκω γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō): Greek. پدر پدر (pedr): Persian/Farsi. دختر دختر (doxtar): Persian/Farsi. زانو زانو (zanu): Persian/Farsi. athair athair: Irish. Consonant shift p → -. *kū *kū: Proto-Celtic. *abalo- *abalo-: Proto-Celtic. *ɸatīr *ɸatīr: Proto-Celtic. *k̂erd- *k̂erd-: Indoeuropean. *pélh₁us *pélh₁us: Indoeuropean. dos dos: Spanish. corazón corazón: Spanish. cognoscere cognoscere: Latin. duo duo: Latin. *dwóH₁ *dwóH₁: Indoeuropean. *dʰugh₂tḗr *dʰugh₂tḗr: Indoeuropean. *dʰwer- *dʰwer-: Indoeuropean. *k̂won- *k̂won-: Indoeuropean. πολύς πολύς (polús): Greek. θυγάτηρ θυγάτηρ (thugátēr): Greek. καρδιά καρδιά (kardiá): Greek. *h₂ébōl *h₂ébōl: Indoeuropean. *pH₂tér *pH₂tér: Indoeuropean. شناختن شناختن (šenâxtan): Persian/Farsi. Consonant shift k → š. در در (dar): Persian/Farsi. دو دو (dw): Persian/Farsi.